E ji ígwè Duplex 2205 anaghị agba nchara rụọ ọrụ maka arịa nrụgide kemịkalụ, shei ndị na-agbanwe okpomọkụ, na paịpụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-ejikwa gburugburu ebe ndị nwere chloride, ihe ndị na-eme ka sọlfọ dị n'ime ala, na mmiri sitere na ọrụ mmanụ na gas. Ọkwa a na-ejikọta usoro austenitic na ferritic n'ihe dị ka nha nhata, na-enye ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ nke ike mmepụta nke ọkwa austenitic 304L/316L ebe ọ na-ejigide nguzogide nchara na mgbawa dị elu karịa nke austenitic anaghị agba nchara nkịtị. Wow Stainless na-enye efere duplex 2205, mpempe akwụkwọ, ihe mgbochi, na ọkpọkọ welded nye ụlọ ọrụ injinia kemịkalụ n'ofe US Gulf Coast, mpaghara nhazi mmanụ na ájá Canada, na ụzọ petrochemical Mexico. Ngwa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere ọkpọkọ nri reactor, sistemụ mmiri chloride, na akụkụ nhazi na ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ FGD (flue gas desulfurization) na-eje ozi na mmepụta ike coal. Nkwenye nke usoro igwe abụọ na nnabata nke koodu ASME emeela ka a nabata ya n'ọtụtụ nhazi ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta kemịkalụ kemgbe 2018, mgbe Nkebi nke VIII nke Koodu ASME B&PV na-emelite ihe ndị e ji rụọ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta kemịkalụ kwadoro nke ọma yana ihe achọrọ maka asambodo usoro mmepụta zuru ezu.

Ihe Mere Duplex 2205 Ji Dochie 316L Na Gburugburu Usoro Mmebi Chloride

Duplex 2205 na-enye ihe dị ka okpukpu abụọ nke ike mmepụta nke 316L austenitic stainless (450 MPa vs 220 MPa kacha nta mmepụta), na-eme ka imewe arịa nrụgide dị gịrịgịrị nke na-ebelata ibu na ọnụ ahịa ihe. Microstructure nke usoro abụọ na-enye nguzogide nchara dị elu na nke dị warara, yana PREN (ọnụọgụ nhata iguzogide olulu) nke 35 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 25 maka 316L. Maka mkpokọta chloride karịrị 1,000 ppm na okpomọkụ ọrụ karịrị 60°C, duplex 2205 na-akwado ọrụ ebe 316L na-enweta ọdịda olulu na nrụgide-njem-njem n'ime ọnwa ole na ole.

Uru nke ihe onwunwe igwe nke duplex 2205 na-akwado mbelata ibu ihe na nhazi arịa nrụgide, yana ụzọ dị gịrịgịrị na-ebelata oke ibu arịa site na 30-40% ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe nhata 316L na ọkwa nrụgide nhata. Maka nnukwu ihe nrụpụta kemịkalụ na tankị nchekwa, mbelata ibu na-asụgharị ozugbo na mbelata ibu ntọala, nhazi njem dị mfe, na obere ọnụ ahịa nrụnye saịtị. Nkwado stampụ nke koodu ASME Nkebi nke VIII na-eme ka imewe duplex 2205 na-enweghị nkwenye injinia pụrụ iche, na-eme ka usoro ọrụ injinịa ọrụ dịkwuo mfe.

Maka gburugburu usoro nhazi chloride, duplex 2205 bụ naanị nkọwapụta ígwè anaghị agba nchara bara uru nke na-adịgide ndụ afọ 10-20 na okpomọkụ ọrụ karịa 60°C. Nhọrọ 316L na-enweta mgbawa nrụgide chloride corrosion n'ime afọ 2-5 n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ọrụ usoro kemịkalụ, na-eduga na mmechi na-enweghị atụmatụ na mkpọsa nnọchi dị oke ọnụ. Uru ọnụ ahịa ndụ nke duplex 2205 kacha pụta ìhè na ngwa ndị bara ụba na chloride ebe ọnụ ahịa nnọchi na mmetụta mmepụta furu efu nke mmechi na-enweghị atụmatụ na-achịkwa mgbakọ akụ na ụba okirikiri ndụ. Ihe ntụaka na nnabata koodu ASME maka arịa nrụgide ígwè anaghị agba nchara dị site na BSI na https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Ụzọ Mmepụta Ihe Ndị Na-echekwa Nhazi Metallurgical Duplex

Mmepụta Duplex 2205 chọrọ njikwa okpomọkụ a na-achịkwa na njikwa okpomọkụ interpass iji chekwaa nguzozi nke austenite-ferrite nke ihe dị ka 50-50. Ntinye okpomọkụ gabigara ókè ma ọ bụ oge dị ogologo na 300-900°C na-emepụta mmiri ozuzo nke sigma nke na-eme ka alloy ahụ gbawaa. Wow Stainless na-akọwapụta ịgbado ọkụ GTAW na GMAW nwere oke okpomọkụ interpass nke 150°C, ntinye okpomọkụ nke 1.0 kJ/mm, na annealing solution post-weld na 1050-1100°C maka akụkụ dị arọ. A na-ejikarị akụkụ ndị a na-ejikọta na ihe nha ọkụ dị mfe na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mgbe weld gasịrị ma ọ bụrụhaala na asambodo usoro ịgbado ọkụ ahụ gosipụtara nguzozi nke usoro a na-anabata.

Asambodo usoro ịgbado ọkụ dịka ASME Section IX si dị bụ iwu maka imepụta arịa nrụgide duplex 2205, yana ndekọ nkọwapụta usoro ịgbado ọkụ (WPSRs) na-edekọ nhọrọ ígwè e ji emeju ihe, nhazi gas, nha okpomọkụ interpass, na ọdịnaya ferrite sitere na ya dịka usoro nha ASTM A240 si dị. Wow Stainless na-edobe WPSRs ndị ruru eru maka nhazi ịgbado ọkụ duplex 2205 kachasị ewu ewu gụnyere efere njikọ aka, paịpụ-na-pipe, paịpụ-na-itinye, na geometries njikọ alaka, na-akwado injinịa ọrụ ngwa ngwa na-enweghị mmepe WPSR kwa ọrụ.

Ịkpụ, ịkpụ, na ịkpụzi duplex 2205 na-agbaso usoro ígwè anaghị agba nchara a na-ejikarị eme ihe, na-elebara anya na ihe ndị a na-eyi ngwa ọrụ anya. Ọnụego ike ọrụ nke duplex 2205 karịrị 316L site na ihe dị ka 30%, nke chọrọ mbelata ọsọ ịkpụ na mmụba nke ike ngwaọrụ maka ọrụ igwe. Wow Stainless na-ebipụta ntuziaka paramita igwe maka ndị ahịa na-arụ ọrụ nke abụọ, gụnyere ọsọ ịkpụzi akwadoro, ọnụego nri, na nkọwapụta ihe ngwaọrụ maka igwu ala, ịpịa, igwe egweri, na ịtụgharị ọrụ na ngwaahịa efere, mmanya, na paịpụ duplex 2205.

Ngwa Nrụgide na Ngwa Pipeline na Nhazi Kemịkalụ

Duplex 2205 na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi kemịkalụ nke North America na-enye paịpụ nri reactor nke nwere chloride, njikwa etiti sulfuric acid, ihe ndị dị n'ime FGD absorber na mmepụta ike ọkụ coal, yana sistemụ mmiri na ọrụ mmanụ na gas. Koodu Nkebi nke VIII nke ASME B&PV Stampụ maka owuwu arịa nrụgide site na iji ihe duplex adịla irè kemgbe 2018, na-akwado nkọwapụta injinia osisi sara mbara. Ndị otu injinia Worley, Fluor, Bechtel, na Jacobs na-akọwapụta duplex 2205 na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ n'ofe ọrụ US Gulf Coast.

Ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe na-amịkọrọ FGD gụnyere demisters, tray, na nozzles spray n'ime mmepụta ike ọkụ coal na-anọchite anya ngwa dị elu maka efere na mpempe akwụkwọ duplex 2205. Gburugburu ebe a na-amịkọrọ chloride na ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ FGD na-akpata nchara ngwa ngwa nke ígwè carbon na ihe ndị ọzọ 316L, yana ọdịda pitting a na-ahụkarị n'ime ọnwa 18-36 nke ọrụ. Duplex 2205 absorbs na-agbatị ndụ ọrụ ruo afọ 15-25 n'etiti oge a kara aka, na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nnọchi na mmetụta ego furu efu n'oge nkwụsị. Ụlọ ọrụ EPC na-emepụta ike gụnyere Sargent & Lundy, Burns & McDonnell, na Black & Veatch na-akọwapụta duplex 2205 maka ọrụ owuwu na nnọchi FGD ọhụrụ.

Njikwa mmiri emepụtara n'ọrụ mmanụ na gas, ọkachasị mmiri iyi ndị a gbazere agbaze (TDS) sitere na Permian Basin, Bakken, na nhazi ájá mmanụ na Canada, na-eweta nsogbu corrosion nke kwekọrọ na ikike duplex 2205. Njikọta nke chlorides na 50,000-200,000 ppm, CO2 agbazere agbaze, na okpomọkụ ọrụ nke 60-90°C na-emepụta ọnụego corrosion na ígwè carbon nke 1-5 mm/afọ, yana mgbawa corrosion nrụgide na akụrụngwa 316L n'ime afọ 3-5. Duplex 2205 na-ebelata ọnụego corrosion na ihe na-erughị 0.1 mm/afọ ma wepụ nchegbu SCC, na-akwado ebumnuche ndụ ọrụ afọ 20-30 nke akụrụngwa njikwa mmiri emepụtara. A na-ezo aka na akwụkwọ NACE MR0175 site na BSI na https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Akwụkwọ Nnwale Mill nke ASME na ASTM chọrọ

Wow Stainless na-enye asambodo nnwale igwe dịka ọkọlọtọ EN 10204 3.1 si dị, yana nleba anya maka efere, mpempe akwụkwọ, paịpụ, ma ọ bụ ogwe ọ bụla ruo na ụdị okpomọkụ na ngwaahịa akọwapụtara. Akwụkwọ gụnyere ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ dịka ASTM A240 si dị, ihe onwunwe igwe dịka ASTM A370 si dị gụnyere ike mmepụta, ike nrụgide, ogologo oge, na ike siri ike, tinyere nnwale nchara dịka ọkọlọtọ ASTM A923 si dị maka ịchọpụta usoro intermetal na-emerụ ahụ na ihe duplex. A na-echekwa asambodo ule ahụ na dijitalụ maka njigide afọ 10 dịka iwu akwụkwọ ASME si dị.

Nnwale ASTM A923 dị oke mkpa maka ịkwado ngwaahịa igwe ọkụ duplex 2205 iji chọpụta mmiri ozuzo nke nwere ike ime n'oge ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma na igwe ọkụ. Usoro ASTM A923 A (ule etch) na Usoro B (ule mmetụta) na-achọpụta mmiri ozuzo nke, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị, na-akpata omume na-adịghị mma na ọrụ. Wow Stainless na-eme nnwale ASTM A923 na ebe okpomọkụ duplex 2205 ọ bụla tupu ewepụta ya, yana akwụkwọ enyere na asambodo igwe ọkụ ọ bụla dị ka ihe akaebe nke nrubeisi.

Maka ngwa nrụgide nke chọrọ imepụta stampụ ASME, Wow Stainless nwere ike inye ihe asambodo abụọ nwere stampụ US ASME na stampụ ntuziaka ngwa nrụgide CE/PED European na otu asambodo igwe nrụpụta. Asambodo abụọ a na-akwado ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eje ozi ma na North America na Europe na-enweghị ụzọ isi nweta ihe na akwụkwọ dị iche. Onye nnọchite anya ikike nwere ikike bịanyere aka na asambodo nnwale igwe nrụpụta nke a na-enyocha asambodo ya site na ndekọ ntanetị nke ụlọ ọrụ asambodo maka nrubeisi usoro nchekwa zuru oke.

Atụmatụ Nnyefe Ngwa maka Usoro Ọrụ North America

Oge mbu site na nnabata iwu ruo na US Gulf Coast ma ọ bụ ebe a na-aga Canada na-adị site na izu 14-20 maka ọkpụrụkpụ efere ọkọlọtọ (3-50mm) na usoro nhazi paịpụ ọkọlọtọ, yana oge mbu maka ntinye paịpụ pụrụ iche, efere buru ibu, ma ọ bụ obere ọnụọgụ iwu dị n'okpuru ọnụọgụ kacha nta nke igwe nrụpụta. Wow Stainless na-edobe tọn metric 300-500 nke ngwaahịa efere duplex 2205 na ụlọ ọrụ Wenzhou maka mbupu ngwa ngwa na saịtị ọrụ North America, yana nhazi ngwa ahịa na-akwado ma mbupu FCL na LCL nke ejiri akpa mee site na Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Shanghai na Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ningbo.

Nhazi maka ịzụta ọrụ kwesịrị ịtụle oge kacha nta nke izu 12-16 maka ọkpụrụkpụ efere omenala, nnukwu nha efere gafere ọkọlọtọ igwe nri (ọkachasị mita 2.5-3.0 obosara na mita 6-12 ogologo), yana iwu paịpụ chọrọ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ ahaziri ahazi ma ọ bụ nyocha nke ndị ọzọ. Tinye Wow Stainless na usoro echiche ma ọ bụ nke injinịa ọrụ iji kpọchie ọnọdụ ngwa ahịa tupu windo nhazi igwe nri na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ mechie na oge nhazi izu 18-22 nkịtị.

Maka mkpa ọrụ North America ngwa ngwa, Wow Stainless na-ejigide mmekorita ngwa ahịa nke US Gulf Coast na onye na-ekesa ngwaahịa nke dị na Houston nke nwere tọn 30-50 nke efere na paịpụ duplex 2205 n'ogo ọkọlọtọ. Ngwa ahịa a na Houston na-akwado mbupu izu 2-4 gaa na ụlọ ọrụ injinia kemịkalụ na ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide maka ndozi mberede na obere mkpa ọrụ. Ngwa ahịa Houston nwere asambodo nnwale igwe ihe dakọtara ma na-akwado akwụkwọ mmado maka nnabata nyocha injinịa ọrụ.

Maka ajụjụ gbasara ngwaahịa e ji ígwè rụọ maka efere, mpempe akwụkwọ, ihe mgbochi, na ọkpọkọ e ji ígwè rụọ maka ụgbọ mmiri nrụgide kemịkalụ nke North America na ngwa pipeline, ndị otu Wow Stainless export na-enye ndụmọdụ nkọwapụta, nkwado ọnụahịa, na nhazi nhazi. Ihe nlele asambodo nnwale igwe na akwụkwọ nnabata ASTM A240 dị na www.wornstainless.com/programmu/testsaịtị na-enye asambodo ule igwe na akwụkwọ nnabata ASTM A240 na www.wornstainless.com/programmu/testsainsurance/assets ...Peeji nke ngwaahịa igwe anaghị agba nchara Wow.