1. Usoro Nyocha Ọkwa 4 maka 430 Steel Igwe anaghị agba nchara

Usoro nyocha ọkwa 4 maka ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 dị na ngwa nrụpụta ngwa ụlọ na-ekpuchi kemịkalụ mejupụtara ya, otú o si arụ ọrụ, otú o si arụ ọrụ, na otú o si eguzogide nchara, na otú o si akwụsi ike na ọnụahịa ọkọnọ. Usoro nhazi nke akụkụ 4 bụ nkọwapụta nyocha ọkwa ịzụrụ ihe ọkọlọtọ maka onye na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ, onye na-ebunye ngwa kichin, na onye na-emepụta nkwekọrịta ngwa ahịa ọcha nke chọrọ arụmọrụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe na ọkọnọ dị ọnụ ala. Ndị otu injinia WowStainless na-enye akwụkwọ nhazi nke akụkụ 4 yana nkwenye nkọwapụta nke ọkwa ọ bụla.

Ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke 430 bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke a na-akpọ ferritic standard, nke nwere usoro kristal cubic (BCC) nke dị n'etiti ahụ. Ọkwa 430 bụ naanị ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke chromium na-enweghị mgbakwunye nickel. Ọkwa 430 bụ ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala karịa ọkwa austenitic 304 maka ngwa ngwa ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka nkọwapụta ọkwa 430 site n'aka onye na-eweta ya na nnabata ọkwa ASTM A240 / EN 10088 edepụtara. Maka ntụaka na pọtụfoliyo ọkwa WowStainless oyi na-agbagharị agbagharị na nhọrọ kwa ọkpụrụkpụ, leeoyi kpọchiri akpọchiibe ngwaahịa.

2. Kemistri na ihe onwunwe nke ihe mejupụtara ya

Kemistri ihe mejupụtara ya na ihe onwunwe igwe bụ nkọwapụta mbụ nke ndị otu ịzụta ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Ihe mejupụtara nke ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 gụnyere chromium 16 ruo 18%, ihe na-erughị 0.12% carbon, ihe na-erughị 1% manganese, ihe na-erughị 1% silicon, ihe na-erughị 0.04% phosphorus, ihe na-erughị 0.03% sulfur, na ígwè nguzozi. Akara 430 na-akwado ike mmepụta nke 205 ruo 275 MPa na ike nrụgide nke 450 ruo 620 MPa dịka ọkọlọtọ ASTM A240 si dị. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka asambodo kemistri kwa-okpomọkụ site n'aka onye na-eweta ya na akụkọ ihe onwunwe igwe edere ede.

Ntụnyere nhazi dị n'etiti akara 430, 304, na 316L bụ nkọwapụta nke abụọ nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 304 nwere chromium 18% na 8% nickel nwere nhazi austenitic. Akara 316L nwere chromium 16%, nickel 10%, na molybdenum 2% yana nhazi austenitic. Akara 430 nwere nhazi chromium 16 ruo 18% na-enweghị mgbakwunye nickel na nhazi ferritic. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịkọwapụta nhọrọ ọkwa dịka ihe achọrọ maka ngwa ụlọ.

3. Nhazi maka Ngwa Ụlọ

Nhazi maka ngwa ngwa ụlọ bụ nkọwapụta nkwenye nke atọ nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 na-akwado eserese miri emi dị mma, mgbagọ, na stampụ maka ngwa ngwa ụlọ. Akara 430 na-akwado uru nnwale iko Erichsen nke 8 ruo 10 mm maka oke ọkpụrụkpụ 0.5 ruo 1.0 mm. Akara 430 na-akwado oke Lankford (uru r) nke 1.0 ruo 1.4 na ntụgharị na 1.4 ruo 1.8 na ntụgharị.

Ntụnyere nhazi dị n'etiti ọkwa 430 na ọkwa 304 bụ nkọwapụta nkwenye nke anọ nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 304 na-akwado uru nnwale iko Erichsen dị elu nke 10 ruo 13 mm maka otu oke ọkpụrụkpụ ahụ. Akara 304 na-akwado oke Lankford dị elu nke 1.0 ruo 1.5 ma n'akụkụ transverse na ntụgharị. Akara 304 bụ ihe a na-ahọrọ maka ngwa eserese miri emi dị mgbagwoju anya. Akara 430 bụ ihe a na-ahọrọ maka eserese miri emi dị mfe na ngwa nhazi dị mfe.

Oke nhazi maka ọkwa 430 bụ nkọwa nyocha nke ise nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 na-agbawa agbawa na omimi eserese miri emi karịrị 30 mm maka ọkpụrụkpụ 1.0 mm. Akara 430 chọrọ nhazi etiti maka itinye eserese miri emi n'ọtụtụ ọkwa. Akara 430 na-akwado radius mgbagọ nke 1t ruo 2t maka nha dị gịrịgịrị na radius mgbagọ nke 2t ruo 3t maka nha ọkọlọtọ. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ akwụkwọ oke nhazi kwa ọkpụrụkpụ site n'aka onye na-eweta ngwaahịa yana ndụmọdụ mgbagọ etiti edere.

4. Nnwale Nguzogide Njehie na Nnu Fesa

Nguzogide nchara na nnwale nnu bụ ihe nke isii ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Nnwale 430 nwere nguzogide nnwale nnu (ASTM B117) nke awa 200 ruo 500 tupu ncha mbụ ahụ apụta. Nnwale 304 nwere nguzogide nnwale nnu nke awa 500 ruo 1000 tupu ncha mbụ ahụ apụta. Nnwale 316L nwere nguzogide nnwale nnu nke awa 1500 ruo 3000 tupu ncha mbụ ahụ apụta. Nnwale 430 bụ ihe akwadoro maka ngwa ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ nwere nkpughe iru mmiri dị mma.

Ntụnyere ọnụọgụgụ nhata nke iguzogide pitting (PREN) bụ nkọwapụta nkwenye nke asaa nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. A na-agbakọ PREN dị ka Cr% + 3.3 x Mo% + 16 x N%. Ọkwa 430 nwere PREN nke 16 ruo 18 (naanị chromium, enweghị molybdenum). Ọkwa 304 nwere PREN nke 18 ruo 20 (naanị chromium, enweghị molybdenum). Ọkwa 316L nwere PREN nke 25 ruo 28 (chromium + 2% molybdenum). Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịkọwapụta nhọrọ ọkwa dịka ihe achọrọ maka iguzogide pitting na ọnọdụ mkpughe n'èzí si dị.

5. Ịdị mma na Ịkwado mgbe ịgbado ọkụ gasịrị

Ike ịgbado ọkụ na ike ịgbado ọkụ mgbe a gbasịrị ya bụ nkọwapụta nke asatọ nke ndị otu ịzụta kwesịrị ịtụle. Ike ịgbado ọkụ ọkwa 430 pere mpe ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọkwa 304. Ike ịgbado ọkụ ọkwa 430 na-etolite mkpụrụ osisi siri ike na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara (HAZ) site na usoro ịgbado ọkụ ọkọlọtọ. Ike ịgbado ọkụ ọkwa 430 na-achọkarị ike ịgbado ọkụ mgbe a gbasịrị ya na ogo 650 ruo 800 Celsius maka iweghachi ike ịgbado ọkụ. Ndị otu ịzụta kwesịrị ịrịọ maka akwụkwọ usoro ịgbado ọkụ kwa-ọkpọ n'aka onye na-ebunye ya.

Ntụnyere usoro ịgbado ọkụ bụ nkọwa nkwenye nke itoolu nke ndị otu ịzụta kwesịrị ịtụle. Mgbado ọkụ TIG (tungsten inert gas) na-akwado ọkwa 430 site na ntinye okpomọkụ dị ala na mgbado ọka HAZ dị ala. Mgbado ọkụ MIG (metal inert gas) na-akwado ọkwa 430 site na ntinye okpomọkụ dị elu na mgbado ọka HAZ dị ntakịrị elu. Mgbado ọkụ na-eguzogide na-akwado ọkwa 430 maka ịgbado ọkụ ntụpọ na ngwa ịgbado ọkụ seam. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ahịa kwesịrị ịrịọ akwụkwọ usoro ịgbado ọkụ kwa-ọkwa site n'aka onye na-eweta ngwaahịa yana ndụmọdụ mgbado ọkụ mgbe a gbasịrị ya.

6. Ịkwụsi ike na ọnụahịa ọkọnọ megide ọkwa 304 na 316

Nkwụsi ike nke ọnụahịa ọkọnọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere akara 304 na 316 bụ nkọwa nke iri nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 enweghị mkpughe ọnụahịa nickel, nke na-enye nkwụsi ike nke ọnụahịa ọkọnọ ma e jiri ya tụnyere akara 304 na 316. Akara 430 na-akwadokarị mbelata nke ọnụ ahịa kwa kg site na 15% ruo 25% ma e jiri ya tụnyere akara 304 na mbelata nke 25% ruo 35% ma e jiri ya tụnyere akara 316. Akara 430 na-akwado onye na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ site na atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa a na-atụ anya ya n'ime usoro mmepụta ọnwa 12.

Ntụnyere mgbanwe ọnụahịa bụ nkọwa nyocha nke iri na otu nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 nwere mgbanwe ọnụahịa kwa afọ nke 5% ruo 8% megide ọnụahịa chromium LME (London Metal Exchange). Akara 304 nwere mgbanwe ọnụahịa kwa afọ nke 10% ruo 15% megide nickel LME na ọnụahịa chromium. Akara 316 nwere mgbanwe ọnụahịa kwa afọ nke 15% ruo 20% megide nickel LME, chromium, na ọnụahịa molybdenum. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịkọwapụta ọkwa 430 maka ngwa ngwa ụlọ na-echebara ọnụ ahịa ya echiche site na atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa a na-atụ anya ya.

Nyocha nke ikpughe ọnụahịa nickel LME bụ nkọwa nke iri na abụọ nke nkwenye ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 nwere ikpughe ọnụahịa nickel 0% LME kwa ihe mejupụtara naanị chromium. Akara 304 nwere ikpughe ọnụahịa nickel 8% LME kwa ihe mejupụtara nickel 8%. Akara 316L nwere ikpughe ọnụahịa nickel 10% LME kwa ihe mejupụtara nickel 10%. Akara 430 na-akwado onye nrụpụta ngwa ụlọ site na ikpughe LME a na-atụ anya ya na atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa ọnwa 12. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka nyocha ikpughe LME kwa ọkwa site n'aka onye na-eweta ngwaahịa nwere ụdị atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa edepụtara.

7. Matrix Nhọrọ Ngwa Ụlọ

Matrix nhọrọ ngwa ngwa ụlọ bụ nkọwapụta nke iri na abụọ nke nyocha nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Ngwa ngwa ụlọ maka ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 gụnyere panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere, drum dị n'ime igwe ịsa ákwà, mgbidi dị n'ime oven microwave, panel dị n'ime friji, ihe nzacha mkpuchi elu, sink drainboard kichin, aka ọnụ ụzọ friji, ọnụ ụzọ igwe ịsa efere dị n'ime, na panel dị n'èzí oven. Akara 430 bụ ihe a na-ahọrọ maka ngwa ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ yana ihe achọrọ maka nchara dị mma yana ndakọrịta na magnet.

Ngwa panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere bụ nkọwapụta nke iri na atọ nke ndị otu ịzụtara igwe ịsa efere kwesịrị ịtụle. Panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere na-achọkarị ọkwa 0.4 ruo 0.6 mm 430 yana njedebe elu 2B. Panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere na-akwado ike ịgba nnu ASTM B117 awa 200 ruo 350. Panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere na-achọkarị oke nha nke ±0.02 mm. Ndị otu ịzụtara igwe ịsa efere kwesịrị ịrịọ maka nkọwapụta igwe ịsa efere site n'aka onye na-ebunye ya yana nkwenye nnabata igwe ịsa efere edere ede.

Ngwa igwe ịsa ákwà dị n'ime drum bụ nkọwa nyocha nke iri na anọ nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Drum dị n'ime igwe ịsa ákwà na-achọkarị ọkwa 0.6 ruo 1.0 mm 430 yana 2B ma ọ bụ njedebe elu annealed na-egbuke egbuke. Drum dị n'ime igwe ịsa ákwà na-akwadokarị iguzogide mmiri nnu ASTM B117 awa 300 ruo 500. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka nkọwapụta drum ọ bụla site n'aka onye na-eweta ya na nnabata nha drum edere ede.

Ndakọrịta nke na-emetụta mmetụta magnetik bụ nkọwa nke iri na atọ nke nyocha ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Akara 430 bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara magnetik nwere mmetụta magnetik siri ike. Akara 304 bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke na-anaghị ejikọta magnetik nwere mmetụta magnetik na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-enweghị. Akara 316L bụ ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke na-anaghị ejikọta magnetik nwere mmetụta magnetik na-adịghị ike ma ọ bụ na-enweghị. Akara 430 bụ ihe a na-ahọrọ maka ngwa magnetik dị ka gasket ọnụ ụzọ friji na elu isi nri induction. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịkọwapụta nhọrọ ọkwa dịka ihe achọrọ maka ndakọrịta magnetik.

8. Oke ọkpụrụkpụ na njedebe elu

Oke ọkpụrụkpụ na njedebe elu bụ nkọwa nyocha nke iri na anọ nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Oke ọkpụrụkpụ a na-ahụkarị maka ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 n'ime ngwa ngwa ụlọ dị n'etiti 0.3 mm na 2.0 mm. A na-eji ihe nha dị gịrịgịrị (0.3 ruo 0.5 mm) maka panel dị n'ime igwe ịsa efere na ihe nzacha mkpuchi elu. A na-eji ihe nha dị n'etiti (0.5 ruo 1.0 mm) maka drum dị n'ime igwe ịsa ákwà na panel dị n'ime friji. A na-eji ihe nha ọkọlọtọ (1.0 ruo 2.0 mm) maka sink kichin na panel dị n'èzí oven.

Nkọwapụta imecha elu bụ nkọwapụta nke iri na ise nke nyocha nke ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịtụle. Mmecha elu a na-ahụkarị maka ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 n'ime ngwa ngwa ụlọ gụnyere 2B (oyi a na-akpọ + skin pass + acid pickling) maka panel dị n'ime, BA (bright annealed) maka panel mpụta, Nọmba 4 (brushed finish) maka sink kichin na aka ọnụ ụzọ, na Nọmba 8 (engine finish) maka mpụga ngwa ụlọ dị elu. Ndị otu ịzụrụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịọ maka akwụkwọ imecha elu n'aka onye na-eweta ngwaahịa yana nha oke elu edere ede.

9. Ndepụta Nlele Nlele Nlele nke BOFU 430 nke BOFU 5-Step

Maka ndị na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ, ndị na-ebubata ngwa kichin, na ndị na-emepụta nkwekọrịta ngwa ọcha dị njikere ịkọwapụta ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 site na usoro nyocha nha 4, ndepụta nke nzọụkwụ 5 na-esote na-ejikọta nkọwapụta nkwenye sitere na ngalaba ndị gara aga n'ime otu akwụkwọ nkọwapụta azụmaahịa.

1. Nyochaa nhazi ọkwa 430 (16 ruo 18% Cr / ihe na-erughị 0.12% C) site na asambodo kemistri kwa-okpomọkụ sitere n'aka onye na-ebunye ya.
2. Kọwaa ihe achọrọ maka nhazi (Erichsen 8 ruo 10 mm / Lankford 1.0 ruo 1.8) dịka ọrụ eserese miri emi nke ngwa ụlọ si dị.
3. Kwado iguzogide nchara (ihe na-agbaze nnu ASTM B117 awa 200 ruo 500) dịka ọnọdụ ikpughe iru mmiri nke ngwaọrụ ụlọ dị n'ime ụlọ si dị.
4. Detuo usoro ịgbado ọkụ (TIG / MIG / iguzogide) yana ndụmọdụ ịgbado ọkụ mgbe ịgbado ọkụ gasịrị (ogo Celsius 650 ruo 800).
5. Rịọ akwụkwọ maka nhazi oge ọ bụla nke ihe niile dị n'elu ya / MOQ / nke dị n'ọkpụrụkpụ ya, tinyere usoro mmepụta nke ọ bụla.

Maka ndị na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ na ndị otu na-azụta ngwa kichin na-enweta ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430, akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-enye data ntụaka gbasara ọkọlọtọ ígwè anaghị agba nchara ferritic na usoro nnabata ihe eji arụ ọrụ ụlọ.ASTM Mba NileỌ na-ebipụta ọkọlọtọ ASTM A240 maka efere, mpempe akwụkwọ, na mpempe akwụkwọ ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke chromium na nickel.Òtù Mba Nile Maka Nhazi (ISO)na-ebipụta ọkọlọtọ ISO 9445 maka nnabata nha igwe anaghị agba nchara dị larịị.Kọmitii Europe maka Nhazi (CEN)Ọ na-ebipụta ọkọlọtọ EN 10088 maka ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara nke Europe.Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Igwe anaghị agba nchara (ISSF)na-ebipụta data ahịa ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara na ntuziaka maka ngwa ọ bụla.UL (Ụlọ Ọrụ Ndị Na-ede Akwụkwọ)Ọ na-ebipụta ọkọlọtọ UL 858 maka nchekwa ngwa ọkụ eletrik n'ụlọ na ọkọlọtọ UL 749 maka nchekwa igwe eji asa efere n'ụlọ.

Maka ndị na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ, ndị na-ebubata ngwa kichin, na ndị na-emepụta nkwekọrịta ngwa ọcha dị njikere ịkọwapụta ọkwa ígwè anaghị agba nchara 430 site na usoro nyocha nha 4, ndị otu injinia WowStainless nwere ike inye asambodo kemistri kwa ọkwa, akụkọ nnwale kwa ọkwa, akwụkwọ nguzogide corrosion kwa ọkwa, na akwụkwọ usoro ịgbado ọkụ kwa ọkwa. Ndị otu injinia WowStainless akwadola ndị na-emepụta ngwa ụlọ site na itinye akwụkwọ na EU, North America, Japan, Korea, na ahịa Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. Nyochaa WowStainlesskatalọgụ ngwaahịa peeji nke 4maka ahịrị ngwaahịa ọkwa 430 na nkọwapụta ọkpụrụkpụ kwa, ma ọ bụ gaa naIbe mmalite WowStainlessmaka ngwaahịa zuru oke.

Ajụjụ Ndị A Na-ajụkarị